What Is Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

Ramsay Hunt syndrome is a neurological condition caused by reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, the same virus responsible for chickenpox and shingles. When this virus becomes active again, it can affect the facial nerve near the ear, leading to facial weakness or paralysis along with ear related symptoms.

Ramsay Hunt syndrome is less common than Bell’s palsy but is often more severe. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important as early care can improve recovery and reduce the risk of long term complications.

At ENT Specialists of Alberta, our team provides expert evaluation and treatment for facial nerve disorders, including Ramsay Hunt syndrome, for patients across Alberta.

Symptoms of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

Symptoms of Ramsay Hunt syndrome often develop suddenly and typically affect one side of the face. Common symptoms may include:

• Facial weakness or paralysis on one side of the face
• A painful rash or blisters in or around the ear, ear canal, or mouth
• Severe ear pain
• Hearing loss on the affected side
• Ringing in the ear
• Dizziness or vertigo
• Difficulty closing one eye
• Changes in taste
• Dry eye or excessive tearing

In some cases, the rash may appear after facial weakness begins, or it may be mild and difficult to see, which can make diagnosis more challenging.

Causes of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

Ramsay Hunt syndrome occurs when the varicella zoster virus reactivates in the facial nerve. After a person has had chickenpox, the virus remains inactive in the nervous system. Later in life, it can reactivate, particularly when the immune system is weakened.

Factors that may increase the risk include:

• Older age
• Weakened immune system
• Stress or illness

Unlike Bell’s palsy, Ramsay Hunt syndrome involves both nerve inflammation and viral infection, which often leads to more intense symptoms.

Diagnosis of Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

Diagnosis is typically based on a physical examination and a review of symptoms. Your ear nose and throat specialist will assess facial movement, examine the ear and surrounding areas for signs of rash or blistering, and evaluate hearing and balance.

In some cases, additional testing such as hearing tests or imaging studies may be recommended to assess the extent of nerve involvement and rule out other conditions.

Treatment for Ramsay Hunt Syndrome

Early treatment is critical for Ramsay Hunt syndrome and is most effective when started within the first seventy two hours of symptom onset.

Treatment may include:

• Antiviral medications to target the underlying viral infection
• Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and swelling of the facial nerve
• Pain management to control ear and nerve pain
• Eye protection measures if eyelid closure is impaired

Recovery varies from person to person. Some individuals recover fully, while others may experience lingering facial weakness, hearing changes, or balance issues.

Recovery and Long Term Outlook

Recovery from Ramsay Hunt syndrome can take weeks to months. Early diagnosis and treatment improve the chances of regaining facial movement and hearing. Physical therapy or facial exercises may be recommended to support nerve recovery in some cases.

At ENT Specialists of Alberta, we provide ongoing care and follow up to monitor recovery and manage any lasting symptoms.

When to Seek Medical Care

Facial weakness or paralysis should always be treated as a medical urgency. If you experience sudden facial drooping, severe ear pain, or a rash near the ear, seek medical care immediately.

If you are experiencing symptoms that may be related to Ramsay Hunt syndrome, contact ENT Specialists of Alberta to schedule a consultation and receive expert care as soon as possible.